Chem Lab Word Determination of the Gas Constant R Essay Example for Free

Chem Lab Word Determination of the Gas Constant R Essay Applying the Combined Gas Law Values of Standard Temperature and Pressure 15 of 19 Determining the value of V2 This value is then converted into moles in order to be applied to determine the gas constant, R. Determining the Gas Constant,R using the Ideal Gas Law 16 of 19 Calculating the Percenta 17 of 19 ge Error Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion Based on the collected raw data and calculations, the Gas Constant (R) was determined. Calculations were done for all of the three trials and averaged for the most precise value for the Gas Constant. Random errors and uncertainties were to be educed through this process as well. Although all three trials were processed using the same materials and method, the experimental values of the Gas Constant were slightly different. The difference is most likely due to the altered vales such as the temperature, volume, and mass of the variables as these are all determinants of the reaction. According to the collected raw data, the average of the Gas Constant values for three trials is 8. 43L kPa K-1 mol-l, along with the Percentage Error of 1. 44% in comparison to the actual value. In this specific lab work, the Percentage Errors for ach trials are significant as they are relatively low values. This depicts that the Gas Constant values derived from the raw datas are somewhat close to the actual value of Gas Constant. Nevertheless, the Percentage Difference of the averaged value and the actual value is significantly larger than the Percentage uncertainty. This suggests random errors occurred and possible systematic error, causing the deviation of the calculated values from the actual value of Gas Constant. Evaluation Significance of the error Suggested improvements Assumption made for certain values For the calculation, the temperature

Using Tangrams To Explore Mathematical Concepts Essay -- Learning Math

Using Tangrams To Explore Mathematical Concepts Representations have always been a very important part of teaching mathematics. The visuals and hands on experiences help to aide the teachers by assisting them in relaying important topics and concepts to the students. By having a representation, the students are more likely to remember what they have learned, and recall the lesson when it comes time to take a test or do their homework. Within mathematics, many different manipulatives are used to enhance learning. Among the most commonly used are tangrams. The seven pieces that make up a set of tangrams have value well beyond their small size. One of their most important values, other than providing educational entertainment to students, is the introduction of geometric properties and theorems. When introducing the idea of using tangrams, it is good to tell the old Chinese folktale about how they came to be. The story goes as follows, â€Å"A young boy named Tan wished to give the emperor a beautiful tile. As he carries the tile to the palace, he accidentally drops it and it breaks it into seven pieces. Tan tries and tries to restore the tile to its original shape. In the process, he finds out that he can create all sorts of fascinating pictures with the seven pieces of his tile. The seven tile pieces are what are now called tangrams.† (Tackling Tangrams, 2000) This story illustrates that tangrams can be used a method of discovery, as well as for enjoyment since many pictures can be formed. It also helps students to see why they are able to form a square, which is the main basis for the manipulative. It is beneficial to give the students some time to play and explore with the tangrams after the story is told so they can find different pictures. By having the students use investigation, a teacher is able to establish a trusting classroom atmosphere as well as have the students see that abstract concepts are very meaningful. (Conundrum, 2001) By definition, â€Å"a tangram is an ancient Chinese puzzle that provides another avenue for exploring rational number concepts.† (Teaching and Learning, 83) They are very useful to explore number concepts as well as in guided discovery. Tangrams are used for many things, including, understanding fractions, relating areas, discovering the Pyth... ...om. Guided discovery through concrete materials will take over all math classes soon. As long as tangrams are among them, the students will learn a lot and retain the information for a lot longer. Works Cited â€Å"Areas of Tangram Pieces.† http://mathforum.org/trscavo/tangrams/area.html. â€Å"Developing Geometric Understandings and Spatial Skills through Tangram Puzzles.† http://illuminations.nctm.org/index_d.aspx?id=168 Hatfield, Mary. â€Å"Use of Manipulative Devices: Elementary School Cooperating Teachers Report.† School Science and Mathematics. Volume 94, Issue 6. October 1994. â€Å"More Tangram Activities.† http://mathforum.org/trscavo/tangrams/activities.html Naylor, Michael. â€Å"Tangram Tricks.† Teaching Pre K-8. 32 no 8, 26-7. May 2002. â€Å"The Pythagorean Theorem with Tangrams† http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/activities/geometry-act.html#pyth-tan. Rigdon, Deanna. â€Å"Tackling Tangrams.† Teaching Children Mathematics. 6 no 5, 304-5. January 2000. Rubenstein. Teaching and Learning Middle Grades Mathematics. Key College Publishing. California. 2004 Thatcher, Debra. â€Å"The Tangram Conundrum.† Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School. 6 no 7, 397-9. March 2001.

Personal Ethics

Personal Ethics In day to day living we all face challenges and have to make decisions that affect our lives and the lives of those around us. These decisions are made based upon a person’s ethics, morals and values in which help to define a person’s character. In this paper this author will define her own personal morals, ethics and values and explain how they relate to her nursing practice. Loyalty, passion, motivation and inspiration will also be discussed in this paper Merriam Webster describes ethics as â€Å"the principles of conduct that governs an individual or group. Ethics are personal and are actions one takes on himself. Morals on the other hand are usually set up and passed on by society. Morals are not necessarily one’s own. Morals can be explained as write or wrong behaviors or actions. Values according to Merriam Webster dictionary help to promote sound functioning and strengthen society. We learn values or the things that are important to us fro m our families or other people that may be influential to us.As this author reflects upon her own personal ethics, morals and values it is important to know what brought me to the place that I am now. This author has many passions and one of the greatest is a passion for life. That is what brought me to the nursing career that I have grown to know and love. A personal decision was made many years ago in my own life to help others and to always try to prevent harm to myself and others.As my grandfather lay dying I watched nurses treat him and my family with so much dignity and compassion that I knew from that moment 15 years ago that I would spend the rest of my life as a nurse and would treat others with the same compassion and respect that we were given, I knew that was who I wanted to be. I found motivation to achieve this goal through my children. It was important for this author to be a good role model and teach my children that they could achieve any goal they desire if they wo rk hard and stay motivated.This same motivation is used daily in my nursing career as well. I consciously think about how and why I became a nurse and never want to lose that drive, or compassion that got me to where I am today. Inspiration is often found from my family to continue to care for others and their families, however; one of the biggest inspirations I can think of is when I have cared for someone’s loved one and after doing so am told how grateful they are that I am a nurse and that I took care of them. Having a positive effect on my patients’ lives is very motivating.There are times in nursing where patients die no matter what you attempt to do and this can damper a nurses inspiration so it is important to find what does inspire you so that you can look back on that inspiration when needed. Loyalty is also important in many aspects. Loyalty for this nurse is important at work not only to the facility that employs me but also to the team that I work with. Ha ving loyalty produces trust in our team which in turns makes for a safer environment for our patients. At the same time loyalty is found for my family and God.If a nurse is aware of his/her own individual moral compass this may allow them to understand the needs of patients better. A nurse may be faced with a patient that has different religious believes than the nurse but this should not in any way affect the care the patient receives. The nurse should assist the patient in practicing what is comfortable for the patient to ensure the patients’ needs are fully met. The same thing applies for cultures that differ from our own. Some cultures prefer that the man of the house make all medical decisions.The nurse should be aware of this and address the situation with respect so as not to offend the patient or the family. Doing so may help the family to trust the nurse and her clinical judgment more. Our own personal values, morals, or ethics should never hinder the care that is gi ven to a patient but at times it does get in the way. I have heard nurses and doctors voice that a patient was nothing but a drug addict because he had tattoos all over his body. Therefore pain remained unaddressed with the patient because the patient looked different than the staff caring for him.This patients morals may have been different from the staffs, but in no way should have hindered his care. The same thing has been said about patients who come in the ER that have rotted teeth. The staff always assumes that the patient is a meth addict and treats them differently, sometimes hatefully. It may very well be that the patient is just poor, had bad oral hygiene, or maybe was just born with bad teeth. These patients all too often are made to suffer with pain as well because the doctor refuses to medicate because he/she feels the patient is a drug addict.We all come from diverse ethical backgrounds that were taught to us by family, friends, teachers and others that are deemed impo rtant in our lives. Every individual should have their own ethical standards but they work best when we strive to do well and not harm others or ourselves with our ethical believes. We can always strive to raise the bar for own ethical believes, standards, and morals while at the same time respecting others. Reference Weber, S. (2009). The Moral Compass of Nursing. Advance for Nurses. Retrieved from http://advanceweb. com/Article/The-Moral-Compass-Of-Nursing. aspx

Herman Melville Research Paper

Herman Melville stands among America’s greatest authors. Most people recognize Melville as the author of Moby Dick, one of the most well known American novels, one that he did not receive appreciation for until many years after his death. Almost all of Melville’s masterpieces included blends of symbolism, adventure, fact, and fiction. He based many novels on past experiences (primarily long sea explorations) and personal adventures. Not only did he capture the reader with his intense, vivid imagination, but he also conveyed his own philosophies and beliefs through quotes from the Bible and exceptional symbolism.Although Melville is widely known as an extraordinary author today, he was not considered to be as exceptional back then. He was born into a middle class family in New York City on August 1, 1819 (South). Herman’s father was a merchant from New England while his mother came from an old New York Dutch family. A little over ten years into his life, Melvilleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s father died shortly after experiencing financial and mental breakdowns. Now the â€Å"man of the house,† Melville had to take on the challenge of providing the family with a stable income to keep them healthy.He took on a variety of jobs for the next nine years, including being a clerk for his brother’s hat store, working in his uncle’s bank, teaching school in Massachusetts, and, perhaps the most impactful job in his early life, sailing to England as the cabin boy on a merchant ship. Instantly falling in love with the sea, Melville wrote about his voyage as a cabin boy in his novel Redburn. This â€Å"adventure† inspired Melville to continue his career at sea. When he returned to America, he joined the crew of â€Å"Acushnet,† a brand new whaling ship, soon to set sail in the Pacific Ocean (South).This voyage was perhaps the most influential expedition Melville ever took part in. Using the experiences, newly learned whaling knowledge, and stories from this specific adventure, Melville created several novels that were published later on in his life, including the world-famous Moby Dick. In all of his works, Melville reveals his own life in his creative writing style. His passion for whaling and sea voyages is presented in many of his novels, along with his internal desire to â€Å"unfold† himself and his whaling experiences, and also the portrayal of the man he wishes to be, through the descriptions of the major characters in his novels.Perhaps the most influential experiences in Melville’s life occurred on whaling ships. Ever since he was young, he was fascinated with sea life, and he eventually found â€Å"his way onto the whaling ship Acushnet in 1841 that would provide the experiences detailed in most of Melville’s repertoire† (â€Å"Melville†). He â€Å"spent a considerable amount of time on the seas as a sailor, and much of it in the South Seas’ whaling industry. Hence Melville’s favorite stories had that maritime orientation† (â€Å"Herman†).He spent many years of his life on ships traveling to and from several different countries; thus, his extensive experiences as a seaman was certainly brought out in his novels. Melville often wrote about his own journeys, like his â€Å"second book entitled, â€Å"Omoo, A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas†, published in 1847 which was based on another whaling journey Melville took part in† (â€Å"Herman†). Melville, on another adventure, â€Å"was captured and held for several months by the Typees; when he returned unscathed, friends encouraged Melville to write the escapade down† (â€Å"Herman†).On several of these expeditions, Melville had many near-death incidents that almost cost him his life, but inspired him to record them first-hand in his novels using dramatic sentence structure that captures the reader’s attention. Melville was th e type of writer that wrote whatever came to his mind, â€Å"however, it was his adventures as a seaman in 1845 that inspired Melville to write† (â€Å"Herman†). His â€Å"experience on the island as a prisoner of the Typees caused Melville to write his first novel based on that experience† (â€Å"Melville†).Melville loved to entertain his readers with exhilarating stories about his struggles at sea, and also the near-death encounters he experienced on his journeys. Overall, Melville was greatly inspired by his sea voyages throughout his life, and based most of his novels around his passion, whaling. On the other hand, Melville also had the desire to â€Å"open† and examine himself, and perhaps the human race itself, in writing his novels. Melville was highly impacted by his courageous adventures aboard ships, but ultimately â€Å"it was his desire to â€Å"unfold† himself that drove him to a writing vocation† (â€Å"Melville†) .Nathaniel Hawthorn, the author of The Scarlet Letter, aided Melville in his writing and â€Å"was very taken with Melville’s ability to delve deep into the human psyche and find what lay there and was very supportive in Melville’s continual unfolding†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Melville†). Not only did Melville capture the reader with intense drama, but he also grabbed the reader’s attention by â€Å"unfolding† his own opinions and beliefs in his writing so as to challenge the reader’s previous views on issues in life. Melville was so extensive in â€Å"the use of mythic figures, stories, and analogues, that his novels are inevitably interpreted as allegories† (â€Å"Billy†).He frequently â€Å"made the stories allegories instead of strict whaling adventures† (â€Å"Melville†). One specific goal that Melville deeply valued was to make readers examine themselves and question concepts people commonly do not consider, by secretly placing a hidden meaning, usually a moral, in his novels. Melville believed that â€Å"crucial to the structure and meaning was symbol. Melville, a thorough and serious Bible reader, dwells on biblical symbolism† (â€Å"Billy†). In Billy Budd, one of Melville’s most popular novels, the main character, Billy, was sent to be executed, but just before he dies, he utters his last words, â€Å"God bless Captain Vere!† (Melville).This is meant to symbolize Christ’s cry of forgiveness in the book of Luke – â€Å"Father forgive them for they know not what they do. † Religion played a major role in Melville’s life, and he dedicated several excerpts from his novels to reveal biblical themes or stories. All in all, Melville’s writing was not meant to just entertain the reader, but also to challenge the reader’s own views by â€Å"unfolding† his own philosophies through the use of symbolism and rhetorical devi ces.Lastly, the life of Melville shows up in his own writing through the descriptions and analyses of the major characters in his novels. He was thought to bring out his own ideas in the major characters from his stories and also to be â€Å"absorbing character traits from some of those visitors which later took life in his fiction† (L’Etoile). The major characters that Melville brought to life caused critics to speculate the he â€Å"adopted the â€Å"poignant, special† power in the narrator’s voice from another source† (L’Etoile).Melville was in many ways similar to the major characters he brought to life in his novels, primarily because he aspired to be like them, and thus shared comparable qualities. People have gone â€Å"a long way toward explaining the â€Å"special† character of the narrative voice as well as the compelling quality of the story that, to so many, has seemed so elusive† (L’Etoile). Melville’ s â€Å"artificial sentence construction parallels the narrator’s style of indirect communication† (Kemp).Through his unique sentence structure and characterization of important individuals in his stories, Melville alludes to the type of person he is and also the being he wants to become using indirect communication within his characters’ actions and words. Basing the majority of his masterpieces on sea life, Melville could easily express his inner self and philosophies through the creations of the characters in his novels. Throughout his life, Melville created many masterpieces and brought to life many characters. His own life is noticeably brought out in his works through his repeated ocean oriented novels.His novels like Moby Dick and Billy Budd challenged the ways people thought back then and today by relaying hidden morals to the audience. His analyses and descriptions of major individuals in his stories are indications of how Melville thought and who he wa s/wanted to be as a person. His desire to share his beliefs with the world led him to expand his writing career and create some of the most well known pieces today using exceptional symbolism, allusions, and plots. Melville changed American literature with his famous books and continues to be studied by students around the world today.

Free Essays on Nervous Conditions

Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novel, Nervous Conditions, was perhaps the most captivating, poignant novel that I have ever read. Her brilliant style of writing was perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of the novel; not to detract from the content of the novel. Dangaremba writes as if she is telling a story to an old friend, constantly reiterating important points of her story as if to say: Is this making sense? Not only does she use reiteration throughout the novel, she inserts opinions and realizations from the adult narrator that were not evident to the character during the moment in time. There are several instances where we see this. In the opening lines of the novel, the narrator, Tambudzai, says to the reader: â€Å"I was not sorry when my brother died. Nor am I apologizing for my callousness, as you may define it, my lack of feeling.† Then later in this chapter she is relating the story of selling her maize in the city and she tells us that â€Å"I would have been frightened of being alone if I had thought about it.† The way she switches from the view point of a young girl to one of an enlightened adult kept me engrossed in the novel, wondering what insights the narrator had on specific instances. Not only does Dangarembga keep you spellbound through her use of style, she also allows you to produce a mental image of everything going on in the story. She uses lively, highly descriptive language that puts you in the place of the characters. A remarkable example of this is when Tambudzai arrives at Babamukuru’s house and is greeted by his dogs. Tambudzai is petrified and she says to the reader: â€Å"I was in a bad state or else I would have noticed the cahins that bound them to their kennel and the fence that enclosed them in their pen. To me they were loose, ferocious guardians of the gates to this kingdom,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . I had a mental image of these horrific animals guarding a palace, just as Tambudzai saw the situation. There ar... Free Essays on Nervous Conditions Free Essays on Nervous Conditions Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novel, Nervous Conditions, was perhaps the most captivating, poignant novel that I have ever read. Her brilliant style of writing was perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of the novel; not to detract from the content of the novel. Dangaremba writes as if she is telling a story to an old friend, constantly reiterating important points of her story as if to say: Is this making sense? Not only does she use reiteration throughout the novel, she inserts opinions and realizations from the adult narrator that were not evident to the character during the moment in time. There are several instances where we see this. In the opening lines of the novel, the narrator, Tambudzai, says to the reader: â€Å"I was not sorry when my brother died. Nor am I apologizing for my callousness, as you may define it, my lack of feeling.† Then later in this chapter she is relating the story of selling her maize in the city and she tells us that â€Å"I would have been frightened of being alone if I had thought about it.† The way she switches from the view point of a young girl to one of an enlightened adult kept me engrossed in the novel, wondering what insights the narrator had on specific instances. Not only does Dangarembga keep you spellbound through her use of style, she also allows you to produce a mental image of everything going on in the story. She uses lively, highly descriptive language that puts you in the place of the characters. A remarkable example of this is when Tambudzai arrives at Babamukuru’s house and is greeted by his dogs. Tambudzai is petrified and she says to the reader: â€Å"I was in a bad state or else I would have noticed the cahins that bound them to their kennel and the fence that enclosed them in their pen. To me they were loose, ferocious guardians of the gates to this kingdom,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . I had a mental image of these horrific animals guarding a palace, just as Tambudzai saw the situation. There ar...

Questions for Comparative Religions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questions for Comparative Religions - Assignment Example The most significant of all the similarities is that they both trace their roots from Abraham. Moreover, they both believe in prophets and apostles as God’s massagers. Additionally, they both believe in scriptures as the main reference to what God/Allah needs of humanity. They also believe in the resurrection, as it will be the sure way of living the eternal life (Malik, 2004). Despite both believing in God, Muslims do not believe in heresy that God is in three as God the father, the Son, and Holly Spirit. Moreover, the Muslims Qu’ran, Islamic holy book, strongly rejects Jesus as God. However, they profoundly honor Him as Allah’s prophet. In addition, the Muslims and Christians disagree on death and resurrection of Jesus (Malik, 2004). Muslims do not believe that Jesus being a prophet of Allah could face such a horrific death, as the one Christians believe He did. Finally, these two religions disagree on how believers can escape God/Allah’s judgment. Muslims believe in falah, that is, positive achievement or self-support. On the other hand, ding to the Bible no one is compelling enough for God’s favors; thus, everyone shall be judged according to their deeds (Malik, 2004). It is recorded that Christianity became the most successful religion during this period. This followed numerous deaths that took place during this time (Malik, 2004). Smallpox and measles killed many people in North America, and Christianity took this opportunity to spread their beliefs and faith to the people. It is this time that Spanish catholic priests moves from Europe to North American and managed to convert many people to Catholicism. Betwixt the year 550 and 750, the Mediterranean world, Western Europe, and the Middle East transformed into three main realms including the orthodox Christianity Byzantine Empire, Latin Christendom, and the Islamic caliphate (Malik, 2004). The two former were united through Catholicism. Entirely, all these communities were politically

Financial analysis of BMW and Kraft Foods Essay

Financial analysis of BMW and Kraft Foods - Essay Example The researcher states that the profitability ratios of both the companies depict that Kraft Foods has higher profitability in terms of high operating margin, net profit margin and return on equity. Besides, both the firms had maintained their current ratio above 1. With respect to interest coverage ratio, BMW had higher rank than Kraft Foods which indicates that it has strong financial strength in the industry. The current economic crisis of 2008 had impacted on the financial performance of BMW Group. Due to bad financial condition, the spending of customers had reduced considerably which impacted on the expenditure on vehicles. As a result, the automobile industry had faced drop in sales volume. BMW Group was also unable to evade the impact of financial crisis and therefore the group income had reduced by 5% in the year 2008 to 53,197 million Euros. As the international economy was recovering from the clutches of economic crisis by the end of the year 2010, BMW Group was able to rec over its financial position in the automobile market. The global automobile industry has also become stabilised to certain degree. In 2010, BMW Group had experienced severe increase in sales revenue by 19.3% than 2009 to 60,477 million Euros. Kraft Foods is a financially stable company with revenues of 40.4 billion USD in the year 2009. In the year 2009, the total value of net assets of the company was 25.9 billion USD. Despite bad economic conditions, the revenue of Kraft Foods was slightly affected. In 2007, the net revenue was 35,858 million USD which had increased to 41,932 million USD in 2008 (Kraft Foods Inc, 2010). Ratio Analysis Valuation Ratio Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio Price-Earnings or P/E Ratio is the ratio of organisation’s share price with earning per share. From the analysis of BMW, it can be observed that the earnings per share of BMW Group had decreased considerably in the time of 2008 to 2009 to 0.49 Euro and 0.31 Euro and increased in 2010 to 4.91 Euro. His torically, the P/E ratio of BMW Group was strong and was always more than the industry average which is around 15-25. In the year 2007, the P/E ratio was below average i.e. 8.5 which had increased to 11.98 in 2010 (BMW Group, 2008; 2010). The price earnings ratio of Kraft Foods was