Chapter 4 Frank Essay examples - 661 Words

Leadership Case Study Name: Institution: Leadership Case Study Case Problem A: Frank Won’t Accept â€Å"We can’t† for an answer Key issues/summary: Frank is a business development manager in a firm charged with the mandate of providing the government with business improvement solutions. The company is currently faced with the challenge of acquiring more contracts from the government considering the expiry of the existing contracts. Frank refuses to accept the loss of contract and the inability of the company to acquire more contacts. Problem statement: The system of leadership style that Franks uses is ineffective in realizing the objectives of the company and he needs to develop a better strategy for the profitability of the†¦show more content†¦Case Problem B: Time to Rebound at Willow Pond Key issues/Summary: Heather Osaka has been offered the position of director at Willow Pond; a medium-size assisted living home. The home experiences challenges related to effective management and the well-being of its clients. Problem statement: Heather Osaka needs to find techniques of leadership that will enable her solve the problems at Willow Pond. Root causes: Poor leadership and limited concern on employee wellbeing contributed to negligence and the provision of poser services at Willow Pond. Solutions: There is need for Heather to realize the relationship between her personal attributes and the best leadership style that can be used based on her previous experiences while working at two hospitals. These will help in determining the existing needs and the available facilities to provide lasting solutions. Answers to questions on Case Study B 1. This case is included in the chapter about charismatic and transformational leadership because the type of leader needed to revive Willow Pond should demonstrate to his subordinated his ability and belief in making positive changes despite the complications that may have characterized the an organization. 2. The transformational leadership techniques that Heather can apply while reforming Willow Pond include the introduction of motivational approaches for enhance the efficacy of employees. In addition, Heather canShow MoreRelatedA Story About a Middle Aged Man, The Sportswriter by Richard Ford556 Words   |  3 PagesThe sportswriter is a 1986 novel written by Richard Ford. The book revolves around a middle-aged man, Frank Bascombe, who shares his life problems through out the chapters. Among the many issues that Bascombe faced, divorce seems to come across as the main one as it has changed his life completely. Frank Bascombe seems that he is not able to move on from his ex, as he shows signs of regret and loneliness through out the book. Richard Ford begins the book with an introduction to Bascombe life butRead MoreHabermass Notion of the Colonization of the Life-world Essays1047 Words   |  5 Pagesof Habermas’s theory is concerned with how the crisis of communicative action has become colonized and its illegitimacy (Frank, 2000). The second part of his theory describes the way to restore legitimacy, holding that a fully functioning democracy, honoring the rights of citizens and reasoned communication, remained society’s best chance (Sociological Theory | Chapter 15 Chapter Summary, 2004). The crisis of society, which Habermas called the colonization of life-world explained a stable societyRead MorePersonal Statement On Leadership Activity1446 Words   |  6 Pagesgym. My first client was Frank, a client I had received from Thomas. 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And no one loved them more,†(WatsonRead MoreKroenke Ch2 Solutions Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 3 and 4 and Relational Algebra Chapter 3: 1. Consider the relation (20 points): PERSON_2 (Name, Sibling, Shoe_Size, Hobby) Assume that the following functional dependencies exist: Name ïÆ'  Ã¯Æ'   Sibling Name ïÆ'   Shoe_Size Name ïÆ'  Ã¯Æ'   Hobby a. Describe deletion, modification, and insertion anomalies for this relation. Consider the following relation: Name Sibling Shoe_Size Hobby Jones Fred E Model boats Jones Fred E Scuba Diving Jones Sally E Model boats Jones Sally E Scuba Diving Read MoreThomas Green Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pageshas to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes,[1] especially dependency power where a certain individual has something of importance, scarcity, and non substitutable, that another person seeks for. Thomas Green and Frank Davis both display individual power over one another causing a conflicting relationship without completing their task, which lead to a political war involving outside group members. In March of 2007, Thomas Green was recruited by Dynamic DisplaysRead MoreThemes Of Osmosis Jones1149 Words   |  5 Pageswhen a hero starts out in their normal daily lives to a dangerous adventure that will change them either physically or mentally. Jones was a regular white blood cell cop that made lots of mistakes, but he wanted to change his reputation by curing Franks’ illness. When in a crisis like Jones, the hero wins the victory by either strength, bravery, or courage. The hero then returns with knowledge of two worlds. All heroes follow the monomyth stages and have themes that ordinary humans go through. MoanaRead More Book Report Angelas Ashes Essay881 Words   |  4 Pages Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt A Look at Irish Culture during the Depression Era Frank Mc Court, the author of Angela’s Ashes, was born during the Great Depression. A few years after immigrating to the United States because their families believed they would find their fortune here, his Irish family moved back to Ireland in hopes of a better life. They were met with only more hardships in their native country. His book shows the struggle and small joys of daily life with siblings, school friendsRead MoreEthics Chapter 1 Ethical Dilemma Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesEthics Chapter 1 An Ethical Dilemma – Questions/Exercises 1. What is/are John’s ethical issues? I do not know the exact definition of ethical but I believe it to be related to our behavior and the decisions we make and if they are considered right or wrong by society. 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Alliance One International Tobacco Free Essays

The report is aimed at demystifying the world’s second largest leaf tobacco merchant and agro-processing company which has since diversified it portfolio to also integrate other areas of economic development in non-tobacco products such as agricultural financing and also agronomy training. The company is well known of its robust structure and can be said to enjoy managerial economies of scale all looking at various operational aspects such as Operations. Legal, Finance, Marketing but most importantly the human resources aspect of the company is of paramount importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Alliance One International Tobacco or any similar topic only for you Order Now However like any other business the company is also facing uphill challenges predominantly in its Human resources area especially issues to do with performance management faced by alliance one international. The second issue is about training and development. This is followed by the issue of occupational health and safety and integration of all operations and people involved in them including using tried and tested HER systems such as change management. The objective of this report is basically to apply the HER systems such as change management skills to manage the organizations through a case study of. The report consists of overview of including the organizational structure, mission and vision . Alliance one International was founded in 2005 as a result of a merger between two USA based multinational tobacco merchants STANTON or Standard Commercial Tobacco Company and IDIOM Incorporated both world leaders in the leaf processing and merchant industry. As a result of this merger the end result was that of the creation of the world’s second largest leaf merchant business after Universal Leaf Corporation. The report will look t the change management theory and its implementation in addition to demystifying the 3 HER concerns in the company The company traces its history and to the late 1800 with the formation of Dibbers- brothers which was a small time family company in the USA which prospered due to demand of the leaf tobacco domestically and also through foreign trade. Another firm to Join the grab’. Y train in 1907 was Monk Austin which soon made its name in the leaf the STANTON which was more diversified as it had a wool division among other commodities with tobacco being its cash cow unit as it would contribute meaningfully o the overall company results. In 1995 the two companies Dibbers-brothers and Monk Austin agreed to merge resulting in the creation of IDIOM incorporated which again took over INTAKE tobacco worldwide operations which was the world’s fourth largest merchant in 1997. How to cite Alliance One International Tobacco, Papers

Presidential Use Of Force Essay Example For Students

Presidential Use Of Force Essay Brooks RockwellPOSC 423Asignment #1Presidential Use of ForceWhen the framers of the Constitution constructed the executive branch of government, they envisioned a president with certain limited powers. Having delegated to the president a specific type of authority, the framers would probably be surprised to see that they had actually created a rather dynamic officer. The presidency is continually changing over time. That is, the power of the president has been both increased and decreased a various stages in history. Opportunites for change did not generally result from the characteristics of individual presidents, but rather came as a result of specific historic occurrences that impacted the nation as a whole. For example, the Civil War created a forum that expanded presidential power, whereas certain acts of Congress have contracted the presidents power. Although the framers of the Constitution may not have intended to create such an executive, the presidency of today has more powe r, greater responsibility, higher demands and expectations; and the US toady is the worlds military and economic superpower. Presidential power when viewed from a constitutional perspective, is both specific and obscure; specific in that some elements of presidential power are clearly spelled out; obscure in that the limits and boundries of presidential power are either ill-defined or open to vast differences in interpretation. In an effort to understand presidential power, the Constitution is a starting point, but it provides few definitive answers. The Constitution, as it relates to the powers of the presiden, raises more questions than it answers. As historical circumstances have changed, so too has the meaning or interpretation of the Constitution. The scope and meaning of the executive clause in Article II of the Constitution has changed to meet the needs of the times and wishes of strong presidents. The skeleton-like provisions of Article II have left the words open to definition and redefinition by courts and presidents. This skeleton-like wording leaves it up to an aggressive chief executive and a willing Supreme Court to shape the actual parameters of such powers. In effect, history has rewritten the Constitution. The words are flexible enough to mean different things in different situation. On the whole though, a more expansive view of presidential power has taken precedence over a more restrictive view. The history of the meaning of presidential power through the Constitution has been one of the expansion of power and the enlargement of the meaning of the words of the Constitution. The numerous undeclared wars of the twentieth century also presented an avenue for Congress to supress the executive. The widespread disapproval of the Vietnam War was the last straw for American legislators. Congress felt the need to limit the presidents ability to engage in military conflicts with forgein lands without their consent. The War Powers Resolution, passed in 1973, created their desired limitations. This act required that any use of American troops in potentially hostile situations must be reported to Congress. In addition, the military action must stop within sixty days of the submission of the report, and that Congress can end the use of the military at any time by passing a concurrent resolution, which is not subject to a presidential veto (Edwards 480). Since its passage, this Act has been overlooked on numerous occassions. Many military actions have occurred: the evacuations from Southeast Asia (1975), the rescue of the Mayaquez from Cambodia (1975), the Iran hostage rescue (1980), the invasion of Grenada (1983), and the Persian Gulf conflicts (1991 and 1998) (Edwards 480). Each of these instances went unreported to Congress, except for the Persian Gulf. Yet, Bush was criticized for waiting until the last minute to appear before Congress. In Cold Blood: The Death Penalty EssayStill, throughout the crisis, Bush involved Congress about as fully as could be expected and certainly as much as other presidents had in comparable circumstances. However frequent and open, presidential consultation with conionalThe presidency is a complex , multidimensional, contradictory , paradoxical office. It is embedded in a system-the seperation of powers-that limits and frustrates the use of power. The office has been occupied by individuals from a wide range of backgrounds, possesing varied skills, motives, and ambitions. They served under drastically different conditions and circumstances. It should not then surprise us that the history of the presidency reflects the rise and fall of power. The presidency has been shaped by varied individuals, operating within a dynamic system under changing cicumstances. Some presidents have been strong, others weak. Some eras demand change, others defy it. The presidency has been shaped by industrialization, by the Cold War, by American superpower status, by economic booms and busts, by increasing democratization, by the demands for capitalism, and by wars. Just as the Constitution was designed with change in mind, the inherent flexibility of the presidency can be seen as a very important trait as it allows the office to change with the times. We have seen that desperate times have called for desperate measures when it comes to the powers of the executive. When the country has been in a crisis situation and drastic measures have been needed, it has been the executive who has responded. On the other hand, when the presidents have engaged in unpopular activities, the insitution of checks and balances has responded to reduce potentially harmful powers. It allowed for a dynamoc executive officer that had the power to accomoddate for the everchanging peaks and valleys of American history. Government Essays

Jefferson Island Salt Mine Louisiana Lake Peigneur 1980

Introduction Mining is an economic practice that has led to economic success of some countries. Others have treasured mining since it is the best way of obtaining rare resources. Mining is a task that involves massive investment of capital besides being a risky venture. Disasters can occur naturally or result from human error. Jefferson Island Salt Mine experienced an unforgettable disaster when Lake Peigneur in 1980 collapsed. Several companies had established mine while others were drilling when the event occurred.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Jefferson Island Salt Mine Louisiana Lake Peigneur 1980 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report will state and describe what happened in Lake Peigneur in 1980. It will give eye witness reports of the disaster. It will also give different theories of what happened in the mine that fateful day. Then the report will give an opinion of what happened and why it happen ed. This report will state the ethical theory and laws made to ensure that it does not occur again. Stating what happened in Lake Peigneur 1980 Lake Peigneur was a fresh water lake that was hit by a disaster that led to drastic changes in the compositions of the lake. In accordance with Wilson Brothers Corporation (2006, p. 1) a salt mining company came close to the third level of Diamond Crystal Salt Mine Company which had been mining in the lake. The men working in the mine noticed abnormality of the mines and noticed that the ground was becoming unsteady. They were drilling under the lake in search of oil. They argue that it is human error that led to the disaster which followed after the men drilling accidentally made a mistake while drilling. The mistake is believed to have emanated in the position of the drill. On the other hand the blame is shifted to the accuracy of the maps used. It is argued that the maps may have been faulty and determining the positions using the inaccur ate maps led to miscalculations. While performing their duties the employees noticed that something had gone wrong and all of them evacuated the mining site soonest possible. One of the employees had noticed that water rising in his feet and he notified the other. The employees had performed an evacuation drill in less than a week and so they were aware of what to do. From a distance, they watched the event happen. The drilling platform sunk very deep close to 50m high. The nearby trees, terrains and barges were all swallowed in by the lake. The mine was enormous and it absorbed water and turned into a temporary inlet. This was as a result of a hole that was formed during the drilling. The hole enlarged as more contents of water and other objects that were surrounding were swallowed in the lake. All the employees escaped in time and no lives were lost in the accident. This is because they were alerted in time and had already practiced how to respond in case of an emergency. The salt used by the Diamond crystal salt mine company to distinguish one level form another were also absorbed. This led to the collapse of the mine. Observers say that the lake level sunk so deep and that the surrounding activities were also distracted. This was due to the fast moving water entering the mine and the noises caused by the geysers.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another observation form the disaster was the geysers that followed after. They erupted from the mine as a result of compressed air that had occupied the mining canals erupted. More so the depth of the lake increased from the disaster in Jefferson Island (Loa Apos.com 2007, p. 1). Other water bodies like the Delcabre Canal and Vermillion Bay were also affected. The flow of water was reversed as the water was filling in Lake Peigneur. The water from these water bodies was salty hence this contributed to th e lake becoming salty. Experts believe that the water became salty as a result of the water that entered from the two water bodies. They reject the idea that the salt mine caused the lake to be salty. It is important to note that the actual mistake that happened can hardly be pin pointed because the lakes state after the disaster could not allow for investigations that would bear fruit. This is because the evidence was swept away when the lake sunk to form a spectacular water fall longer than those in Lousiana. The causes could either be that the employees drilling the mine miscalculated or the maps that they used were faulty. As mentioned the evidence cannot be obtained. Lake Peigneur was closed in 1986. Then the location was rehabilitated and used for storage of natural gas. The residents have made complains concerning their safety. Also they have raised concerns about bubbling that is heard from the lake from time to time. The reason for opposing any activities in the lake is to avoid another disaster. They argue that drilling again in the near the lake may lead to more harm to the ecosystem. This was after the drilling men of the Texas Company together with the Wilson brothers settled the matter outside court. They compensated the damage done to the Diamond Crystal Salt Mine Company before closing down. Eye witness information The employees and a fisherman witnessed the disaster begin. The employees had been working in the evening and others were to begin their shift in the morning. Those who had been drilling in the night were the people who were the first to notice that they were drilling the salt mine. They waited for the men in the morning shift and work continued. The drill had been stuck more than a thousand feet below. Attempts to drill slowly free the drill they heard loud popping sound and the rig tilted in the direction of water. Close to ten miners were at the mine where the hole was drilled. After the alarm they used the steel cage to run for t heir safety. Another group of forty performing their duties in the forth level were could not use the third level which was filled with water. They used carts and motor vehicles to get to the level where they could use the elevator to go to the surface. They all survived.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Jefferson Island Salt Mine Louisiana Lake Peigneur 1980 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A fisherman together with his nephew saw the water drains drastically while they were fishing at the lake. The boat he was using became stuck in the mud after water was drained. They walked through the mud and made their way out, before the eruptions began. A woman was also injured during the disaster while running away. She sustained bruises and injured her back. After the disaster, the washed away gardens were rebuilt. This was after the pressure of the stabilized. The grounds were leveled and activities around the lake co ntinued. Later on the lake was found to be deeper and the ecosystem had been affected. The levels of salt and nutrients had to be regulated to support the lakes ecosystem. Different theories of the event Since the evidence was swept away in the lake, different views concerning what transpired emerged. As already noted, men working for the Texco Company were drilling close to the edge of the third level. The levels were done using the salts and they should have been aware of the level since they had been working in the site. The men then drilled through the third level although they knew that the salt dome edge meant that there was a salt mine. The argument is that they were not aware of the exact place that the mine location was and so they drilled unknowingly. They ended up drilling the actual location of the salt. When they noticed what had happened they attempted to conduct the Diamond Crystal Salt Mine Company. The communication failed hence the disaster was inevitable. On the o ther hand some people believe that the map used was not correct. The experts who were drilling had followed map correctly. The drilling was based on the information that the map provided and that they believed what the map showed was the correct position for drilling. This theory blames the map the drilling team used (Loa Apos.com 2007, p. 1). Opinion of what happened and why it happened that way The drilling of the mines was done by professionals who had been trained. It is likely that the team noticed that they could be drilling the mine in the third level. The miner saw that they were drilling near the third level and should have considered making consultations before going on. What happened is that the miners ignored the signs that might drill into a mine and continued. The accident could have been prevented if the miners were keen. Ethical theory and laws made to ensure that it does not occur again The miners should conduct mining in such a way that they are safe and ensure tha t there is safety to the environment and the people living close to it. They should also note that the activities may have impact to the environment and take measures that ensure that the ecosystem and climate are not affected. More so, mining could be an important channel for generating revenue hence they should enable mining to be sustainable. Therefore those who engage in mining should uphold good practice in mining.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More FTN Associates Ltd (2002, p. I) conducted a study that would lead to the formulation and implementation of a water act. Based on the water act that requires water bodies to follow standards set on the quality of water all as well as maximum amount of pollution of the water body, Lake Peigneur was found to be neglecting the act. It was also argued that the nutrients and other minerals in the water were not balanced and that animals and people using the water were endangered. The neighboring community in Lousiana has noticed the laxity of implementation of laws. They have protested against possible mining activities form miners from beginning the exercise again. They have also rejected the idea of making the storage natural gas in the lake. Their efforts have not succeeded and there is natural gas storage in the lake. For this reason they fear that miners might begin their mining activities once more. Suggestions on what should be in place of laws The disaster led to many loses among them the destruction of a fresh water lake. It also resulted in to loss of property of the companies that established mines and the surrounding environment which had to stop business for a long time. If there was a law that guided the process of drilling other mines the human error problem would have been prevented. The natural resources should not be entirely left in the hands of economist. Other stakeholders such as neighboring communities, the government and the environmental regulatory bodies both national and international should be involved. Policies that will allow preservation of the natural resources should be encouraged. Moreover, companies that are mining within the same location should be in good communication so as to avoid manmade disasters like Lake Peigneur 1980 disaster. What can be done to prevent it from happening again? It is possible to prevent catastrophes. Laws concerning the activities that take place in gelatins natural environment may be formulated and foll owed strictly. The standards and regulations that are also given can be applied strictly to avoid harming the ecosystem. Furthermore, the miners must include the expert as well as the authorities. When working close to other mines like in the case in Lake Peigneur, companies can communicate and be present when others are making own mines close to other mines. This way a person who knows the exact location of the mine would help those mining close to the other mine by showing them the actual place. In case something goes wrong, like damage of the other mine, it is possible to conduct the other company fastest possible to deal problem. Conclusion The Lake Peigneur 1980 disaster was an irreversible phenomenon that could have been prevented. The disaster turned a fresh water lake into a salty water lake. The miners drilling accidentally made a mistake that led to the sinking of the lake into a deep lake. The sinking of the lake affected other water bodies that redirected its water tempo rarily. The destruction was enormous and the companies took their grievances to court. There were no deaths and eye witnesses say that the water was draining quickly, there was noise and there were damages. The cause of the accident cannot be determined due to lack of evidence argue that the minors drilled into the third level knowing that a mine was close. On the other hand another theory argues that the map that was used was faulty. The miners would have prevented the accident from occurring since they were aware that they were on the third level and the mine was close. Laws to manage the waters of Lake Peigneur have been made to save the ecosystem. Lake Peigneur remains a deeper lake than before. Communities that surround it have opposed the rehabilitation of the mine. They believe that if laws are not articulated the lake might be made a mine again. They do not support the natural gas storage that is done in the lake. Reference List FTN Associates Ltd. (2002). Lake Peigneur Tmdl s for Dissolved Oxygen And Nutrients. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/ Loa Apos.com. (2007). Lake Peigneur, the biggest man-made vortex ever. Retrieved from http://www.losapos.com/lakepeigneur Wilson Brothers Corporation. (2006). Lake Peigneur. Web. This report on Jefferson Island Salt Mine Louisiana Lake Peigneur 1980 was written and submitted by user Erica Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Study Guide

Study Guide Study Guide- Test 2 Essay Study Guide Test 2 – Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Know the following definitions: Job analysis * Include duties, responsibilities, skills, knowledge required, outcomes, conditions under which the worker must operate, and other factors. * The core of everything that HR does in an organization. Workflow design * Job description * List of the tasks, duties and responsibilities that a job entails. * Helps the employee to understand what is expected of them in their job * Is not all inclusive, usually contains the phrase â€Å"and other duties as assigned† to prevent employees from â€Å"But that’s not part of my job† Compressed workweek * Work four 10- hour days each week and then have 3 day weekend, or work 80 hours in nine days with extra day off every other week Downsizing * Process of terminating employees, usually due to some business downturn or perhaps a technological change Recruiting * The first step in matching actual employees with specific jobs. * Recruiting is the process of creating a reasonable pool of qualified candidates for a job opening. The total labor market can be worldwide. Job specifications * the qualifications of a person who should be capable of doing the job tasks as noted in the job description. * List of the knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) that an individual must have to perform the job. Flextime * Scheduling policy that allows employees to choose starting and ending work hours. May have set core hours. Job posting * The process of communicating information about a job vacancy * Listed on company bulletin boards, in employee publications, corporate intranets, newspapers, professional publications, social media sites and other internet job boards Selection * The process of choosing the best qualified applicant for the job. Selection begins with the candidates identified through recruitment * The process of choosing the best-qualified applicant required for a job. Hire for fit. Form I-9 * Requires the employee to submit acceptable documents proving their right to work in the United States. * The Immigration Reform and Control Act requires employers to obtain an I-9 form from the employee within 3 days of them beginning work. Training * the process of teaching employees the knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) necessary to perform a job. Employee development * Ongoing education to improve knowledge and skills for present and future jobs within the organization. * Focuses more on the skills needed in order to move into higher-level jobs. * Formal education – to provide a specific set of information about a particular subject. Can be provided for every level of individual in an organization. Can consist of workshops or longer more intensive programs. * Experience based program – subjects an employee to a number of different types of job-related experiences over time. Could include promotion, demotion, transfer, or job rotation. * Assessments – provide individuals with information about how they think, how they interact with others, and how they manage their own actions and emotions. Used largely to assess management potential. Performance management * the process of identifying, measuring, managing, and developing the performance of human resources with the overall intention of improving the organization’s effectiveness. Performance appraisal * the ongoing process of review and evaluation of individual’s past performance with the intent to identify strengths and weaknesses of the performance and to identify developmental goals 360 degree evaluation * ADVANTAGE: employees receive the widest possible range of feedback and the appraisal is less likely to be skewed by one person in the event of a personality clash or favoritism. * DISADVATAGE: of this system is its scope. With many people involved, the system becomes costly and time-consuming to administer Know the

Australian rules footballer injured

Australian rules footballer injured Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Australian rules footballer injured ‘A professional Australian rules footballer injured when an opposition player makes physical contact with him in any manner whatsoever is prevented from successfully suing that opposition player for trespass to the person because all such professional footballers consent to the risk of physical injury when they play football†. Critically analyse this statement. In a game of football, the event of physical contact between players can result in not only physical repercussions but also legal consequences. Under civil law, a football player who has been trespassed or affronted by another player could potentially sue him on the grounds of trespass to the person. The law recognises that in most sports, physical contact is to be expected and as such, will only award damages to certain cases. In addition, professional footballers consent to the risk of physical injury, further limiting the prospects of launching successful legal action. Despit e this, physical contact can attract legal liability and professional footballers sometimes sue successfully – whether or not the judge awards him damages. Battery is the main type of trespass to the person action if a football player wants to sue an opposition player for making physical contact with him. It can be defined as a deliberate or negligent act that directly causes physical contact with another. It is actionable per se and therefore there does not need to be any quantifiable damage for there to be a viable action. However, in order to launch a successful action, all elements of battery must be proved in court. These elements include: directness of the act, positive action, interference and unlawful justification The concept of what constitutes directness has been the subject of some judicial debate. Two cases, Innes v Wylie[citation] and Haystead v Chief Constable of Derbyshire[citation] provide some clarification on this element. In Innes v Wylie, Denman CJ direct ed the jury that if the defendant had stood ‘entirely passive like a door or a wall put to prevent the plaintiff from entering the room’, this would not constitute a battery[citation]. Laws LJ further added in Haystead v Chief Constable of Derbyshire that the directness of the act could also be a â€Å"direct consequence of an application of force† [citation, at 13]. It is arguable that most of the physical contact present in football is not passive and this factor of directness would probably be conveniently supported in court through footage recorded from the match. If a player strikes an opposition player, which then causes him to fall down and sustain damage on his head, this could also attract legal liability as a result of Laws LJ judgement. The combination of this increased scope in liability and active nature of physical contact in football makes it significantly straightforward in arguing that there is an element of directness – should a professio nal football player want to sue under trespass to the person. Australian cases tend to support the proposition that hostility is not a necessary element to battery. In the case of Rixon v Star City Pty Ltd[citation], Sheller JA stated that:

Debate Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate Preparation - Essay Example Moreover, it may also send confusing messages to girls that premarital sex is acceptable. Consequent high risk behavior in young girls may ultimately lead to fatal carelessness by acquiring HIV infection. Another concern which remains is that Gardasil is only protective against HPV strains 16, 18, 6 and 11, which account for 70% of all cervical cancers. As there are more than 80 serotypes, with several serotypes associated with high and intermediate risk of developing cervical cancer, protection against all of them remains elusive. Moreover, different HPV serotypes may be linked with cervical cancer in different regions of the world, resulting in marked differences in the protective efficacy of the vaccine. The highest risk relates to the safety of the vaccine, which has not been proven yet. Majority of the subjects who received Gardasil had side effects within 15 days, which included fatigue, muscle pain and inflammation at injection site (Merck's Gardasil vaccine not proven safe). The current vaccines containing synthetic/ recombinant antigens are less immunogenic than the older versions of vaccines derived from live attenuated or killed organisms.

Decision Paper for System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision Paper for System Development - Essay Example They stated that institutions that hold high growth aspirations must integrate the conventional financial administration systems with superior checklist capacities. In particular, the new billing system that Hillside school seeks to integrate holds the requisite incentives to facilitate effective management of received resources. It provides clear-cut measures and guidelines that that is credible. This paper discuses overall elements that define the Hillside school cash management system with references to its new billing system. Business Problem â€Å"As-Is† billing system that the school operates, presents immense complications that hinders the realization of credible results. The system holds inferior data management procedures and control mechanism that affects confidentiality in cash administration. Indeed, the system hold limited potential to drive the school into its growth prospect especially at the time that it seeks to expand its enrollment capacity. Increase in enro lment will require an effective system with limited gaps that may compromise cash management and accountability (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2012). The schools deputy head teacher faulted the systems rigidity and stated that it hold no relevance in the contemporary setting where superior billing infrastructure is recommended. The system was designed using Ms word and excel software’s that provided difficulty in the maintenance of records. The school holds a vast amount of student records that range from financial, admission, class allocation, payroll details and production of reliable financial reports. The â€Å"As-Is† system led to severe confusion and duplication of work since it provides inferior incentive that cannot facilitate effective distinction of work done. The schools administration is under obligation to administer proper records as stipulated in the guidelines. They are answerable to the stakeholders on the utilization of resources through clear and structured s ystems. However, this was not possible at some point due to the lapses that the system provided thus prompting the need to integrate the new system. In short, major complications presented by the â€Å"As-Is† system include provision of unclear fee collection process that fails to facilitate transparency. The infrastructure adopted two centers of fee collection through diverse payment schemes that include fixed and variable systems. These fee collection systems exposed the institution to confusion on cash administration (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2012). Variably, it was integrated with inferior software’s that compromised the superior administration and production of payroll documents, financial reports and student particulars. The system also failed to provide superior control mechanism and processing capacity for credible outcome. It also failed to ensure effective harmonization of student fee schedules especially for students from one family. The diagram below shows the old system’s fee payment techniques that presented immense challenges in ensuring effective cash administration. Process diagram Variable fee payment Fixed fee payment Fixed fee payment Business Process Improvement Business process improvement entails integration of credible operating systems and adoption of best practices that are development oriented. Advancing

Chem Lab Word Determination of the Gas Constant R Essay Example for Free

Chem Lab Word Determination of the Gas Constant R Essay Applying the Combined Gas Law Values of Standard Temperature and Pressure 15 of 19 Determining the value of V2 This value is then converted into moles in order to be applied to determine the gas constant, R. Determining the Gas Constant,R using the Ideal Gas Law 16 of 19 Calculating the Percenta 17 of 19 ge Error Conclusion and Evaluation Conclusion Based on the collected raw data and calculations, the Gas Constant (R) was determined. Calculations were done for all of the three trials and averaged for the most precise value for the Gas Constant. Random errors and uncertainties were to be educed through this process as well. Although all three trials were processed using the same materials and method, the experimental values of the Gas Constant were slightly different. The difference is most likely due to the altered vales such as the temperature, volume, and mass of the variables as these are all determinants of the reaction. According to the collected raw data, the average of the Gas Constant values for three trials is 8. 43L kPa K-1 mol-l, along with the Percentage Error of 1. 44% in comparison to the actual value. In this specific lab work, the Percentage Errors for ach trials are significant as they are relatively low values. This depicts that the Gas Constant values derived from the raw datas are somewhat close to the actual value of Gas Constant. Nevertheless, the Percentage Difference of the averaged value and the actual value is significantly larger than the Percentage uncertainty. This suggests random errors occurred and possible systematic error, causing the deviation of the calculated values from the actual value of Gas Constant. Evaluation Significance of the error Suggested improvements Assumption made for certain values For the calculation, the temperature

Using Tangrams To Explore Mathematical Concepts Essay -- Learning Math

Using Tangrams To Explore Mathematical Concepts Representations have always been a very important part of teaching mathematics. The visuals and hands on experiences help to aide the teachers by assisting them in relaying important topics and concepts to the students. By having a representation, the students are more likely to remember what they have learned, and recall the lesson when it comes time to take a test or do their homework. Within mathematics, many different manipulatives are used to enhance learning. Among the most commonly used are tangrams. The seven pieces that make up a set of tangrams have value well beyond their small size. One of their most important values, other than providing educational entertainment to students, is the introduction of geometric properties and theorems. When introducing the idea of using tangrams, it is good to tell the old Chinese folktale about how they came to be. The story goes as follows, â€Å"A young boy named Tan wished to give the emperor a beautiful tile. As he carries the tile to the palace, he accidentally drops it and it breaks it into seven pieces. Tan tries and tries to restore the tile to its original shape. In the process, he finds out that he can create all sorts of fascinating pictures with the seven pieces of his tile. The seven tile pieces are what are now called tangrams.† (Tackling Tangrams, 2000) This story illustrates that tangrams can be used a method of discovery, as well as for enjoyment since many pictures can be formed. It also helps students to see why they are able to form a square, which is the main basis for the manipulative. It is beneficial to give the students some time to play and explore with the tangrams after the story is told so they can find different pictures. By having the students use investigation, a teacher is able to establish a trusting classroom atmosphere as well as have the students see that abstract concepts are very meaningful. (Conundrum, 2001) By definition, â€Å"a tangram is an ancient Chinese puzzle that provides another avenue for exploring rational number concepts.† (Teaching and Learning, 83) They are very useful to explore number concepts as well as in guided discovery. Tangrams are used for many things, including, understanding fractions, relating areas, discovering the Pyth... ...om. Guided discovery through concrete materials will take over all math classes soon. As long as tangrams are among them, the students will learn a lot and retain the information for a lot longer. Works Cited â€Å"Areas of Tangram Pieces.† http://mathforum.org/trscavo/tangrams/area.html. â€Å"Developing Geometric Understandings and Spatial Skills through Tangram Puzzles.† http://illuminations.nctm.org/index_d.aspx?id=168 Hatfield, Mary. â€Å"Use of Manipulative Devices: Elementary School Cooperating Teachers Report.† School Science and Mathematics. Volume 94, Issue 6. October 1994. â€Å"More Tangram Activities.† http://mathforum.org/trscavo/tangrams/activities.html Naylor, Michael. â€Å"Tangram Tricks.† Teaching Pre K-8. 32 no 8, 26-7. May 2002. â€Å"The Pythagorean Theorem with Tangrams† http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/activities/geometry-act.html#pyth-tan. Rigdon, Deanna. â€Å"Tackling Tangrams.† Teaching Children Mathematics. 6 no 5, 304-5. January 2000. Rubenstein. Teaching and Learning Middle Grades Mathematics. Key College Publishing. California. 2004 Thatcher, Debra. â€Å"The Tangram Conundrum.† Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School. 6 no 7, 397-9. March 2001.

Personal Ethics

Personal Ethics In day to day living we all face challenges and have to make decisions that affect our lives and the lives of those around us. These decisions are made based upon a person’s ethics, morals and values in which help to define a person’s character. In this paper this author will define her own personal morals, ethics and values and explain how they relate to her nursing practice. Loyalty, passion, motivation and inspiration will also be discussed in this paper Merriam Webster describes ethics as â€Å"the principles of conduct that governs an individual or group. Ethics are personal and are actions one takes on himself. Morals on the other hand are usually set up and passed on by society. Morals are not necessarily one’s own. Morals can be explained as write or wrong behaviors or actions. Values according to Merriam Webster dictionary help to promote sound functioning and strengthen society. We learn values or the things that are important to us fro m our families or other people that may be influential to us.As this author reflects upon her own personal ethics, morals and values it is important to know what brought me to the place that I am now. This author has many passions and one of the greatest is a passion for life. That is what brought me to the nursing career that I have grown to know and love. A personal decision was made many years ago in my own life to help others and to always try to prevent harm to myself and others.As my grandfather lay dying I watched nurses treat him and my family with so much dignity and compassion that I knew from that moment 15 years ago that I would spend the rest of my life as a nurse and would treat others with the same compassion and respect that we were given, I knew that was who I wanted to be. I found motivation to achieve this goal through my children. It was important for this author to be a good role model and teach my children that they could achieve any goal they desire if they wo rk hard and stay motivated.This same motivation is used daily in my nursing career as well. I consciously think about how and why I became a nurse and never want to lose that drive, or compassion that got me to where I am today. Inspiration is often found from my family to continue to care for others and their families, however; one of the biggest inspirations I can think of is when I have cared for someone’s loved one and after doing so am told how grateful they are that I am a nurse and that I took care of them. Having a positive effect on my patients’ lives is very motivating.There are times in nursing where patients die no matter what you attempt to do and this can damper a nurses inspiration so it is important to find what does inspire you so that you can look back on that inspiration when needed. Loyalty is also important in many aspects. Loyalty for this nurse is important at work not only to the facility that employs me but also to the team that I work with. Ha ving loyalty produces trust in our team which in turns makes for a safer environment for our patients. At the same time loyalty is found for my family and God.If a nurse is aware of his/her own individual moral compass this may allow them to understand the needs of patients better. A nurse may be faced with a patient that has different religious believes than the nurse but this should not in any way affect the care the patient receives. The nurse should assist the patient in practicing what is comfortable for the patient to ensure the patients’ needs are fully met. The same thing applies for cultures that differ from our own. Some cultures prefer that the man of the house make all medical decisions.The nurse should be aware of this and address the situation with respect so as not to offend the patient or the family. Doing so may help the family to trust the nurse and her clinical judgment more. Our own personal values, morals, or ethics should never hinder the care that is gi ven to a patient but at times it does get in the way. I have heard nurses and doctors voice that a patient was nothing but a drug addict because he had tattoos all over his body. Therefore pain remained unaddressed with the patient because the patient looked different than the staff caring for him.This patients morals may have been different from the staffs, but in no way should have hindered his care. The same thing has been said about patients who come in the ER that have rotted teeth. The staff always assumes that the patient is a meth addict and treats them differently, sometimes hatefully. It may very well be that the patient is just poor, had bad oral hygiene, or maybe was just born with bad teeth. These patients all too often are made to suffer with pain as well because the doctor refuses to medicate because he/she feels the patient is a drug addict.We all come from diverse ethical backgrounds that were taught to us by family, friends, teachers and others that are deemed impo rtant in our lives. Every individual should have their own ethical standards but they work best when we strive to do well and not harm others or ourselves with our ethical believes. We can always strive to raise the bar for own ethical believes, standards, and morals while at the same time respecting others. Reference Weber, S. (2009). The Moral Compass of Nursing. Advance for Nurses. Retrieved from http://advanceweb. com/Article/The-Moral-Compass-Of-Nursing. aspx

Herman Melville Research Paper

Herman Melville stands among America’s greatest authors. Most people recognize Melville as the author of Moby Dick, one of the most well known American novels, one that he did not receive appreciation for until many years after his death. Almost all of Melville’s masterpieces included blends of symbolism, adventure, fact, and fiction. He based many novels on past experiences (primarily long sea explorations) and personal adventures. Not only did he capture the reader with his intense, vivid imagination, but he also conveyed his own philosophies and beliefs through quotes from the Bible and exceptional symbolism.Although Melville is widely known as an extraordinary author today, he was not considered to be as exceptional back then. He was born into a middle class family in New York City on August 1, 1819 (South). Herman’s father was a merchant from New England while his mother came from an old New York Dutch family. A little over ten years into his life, Melvilleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s father died shortly after experiencing financial and mental breakdowns. Now the â€Å"man of the house,† Melville had to take on the challenge of providing the family with a stable income to keep them healthy.He took on a variety of jobs for the next nine years, including being a clerk for his brother’s hat store, working in his uncle’s bank, teaching school in Massachusetts, and, perhaps the most impactful job in his early life, sailing to England as the cabin boy on a merchant ship. Instantly falling in love with the sea, Melville wrote about his voyage as a cabin boy in his novel Redburn. This â€Å"adventure† inspired Melville to continue his career at sea. When he returned to America, he joined the crew of â€Å"Acushnet,† a brand new whaling ship, soon to set sail in the Pacific Ocean (South).This voyage was perhaps the most influential expedition Melville ever took part in. Using the experiences, newly learned whaling knowledge, and stories from this specific adventure, Melville created several novels that were published later on in his life, including the world-famous Moby Dick. In all of his works, Melville reveals his own life in his creative writing style. His passion for whaling and sea voyages is presented in many of his novels, along with his internal desire to â€Å"unfold† himself and his whaling experiences, and also the portrayal of the man he wishes to be, through the descriptions of the major characters in his novels.Perhaps the most influential experiences in Melville’s life occurred on whaling ships. Ever since he was young, he was fascinated with sea life, and he eventually found â€Å"his way onto the whaling ship Acushnet in 1841 that would provide the experiences detailed in most of Melville’s repertoire† (â€Å"Melville†). He â€Å"spent a considerable amount of time on the seas as a sailor, and much of it in the South Seas’ whaling industry. Hence Melville’s favorite stories had that maritime orientation† (â€Å"Herman†).He spent many years of his life on ships traveling to and from several different countries; thus, his extensive experiences as a seaman was certainly brought out in his novels. Melville often wrote about his own journeys, like his â€Å"second book entitled, â€Å"Omoo, A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas†, published in 1847 which was based on another whaling journey Melville took part in† (â€Å"Herman†). Melville, on another adventure, â€Å"was captured and held for several months by the Typees; when he returned unscathed, friends encouraged Melville to write the escapade down† (â€Å"Herman†).On several of these expeditions, Melville had many near-death incidents that almost cost him his life, but inspired him to record them first-hand in his novels using dramatic sentence structure that captures the reader’s attention. Melville was th e type of writer that wrote whatever came to his mind, â€Å"however, it was his adventures as a seaman in 1845 that inspired Melville to write† (â€Å"Herman†). His â€Å"experience on the island as a prisoner of the Typees caused Melville to write his first novel based on that experience† (â€Å"Melville†).Melville loved to entertain his readers with exhilarating stories about his struggles at sea, and also the near-death encounters he experienced on his journeys. Overall, Melville was greatly inspired by his sea voyages throughout his life, and based most of his novels around his passion, whaling. On the other hand, Melville also had the desire to â€Å"open† and examine himself, and perhaps the human race itself, in writing his novels. Melville was highly impacted by his courageous adventures aboard ships, but ultimately â€Å"it was his desire to â€Å"unfold† himself that drove him to a writing vocation† (â€Å"Melville†) .Nathaniel Hawthorn, the author of The Scarlet Letter, aided Melville in his writing and â€Å"was very taken with Melville’s ability to delve deep into the human psyche and find what lay there and was very supportive in Melville’s continual unfolding†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Melville†). Not only did Melville capture the reader with intense drama, but he also grabbed the reader’s attention by â€Å"unfolding† his own opinions and beliefs in his writing so as to challenge the reader’s previous views on issues in life. Melville was so extensive in â€Å"the use of mythic figures, stories, and analogues, that his novels are inevitably interpreted as allegories† (â€Å"Billy†).He frequently â€Å"made the stories allegories instead of strict whaling adventures† (â€Å"Melville†). One specific goal that Melville deeply valued was to make readers examine themselves and question concepts people commonly do not consider, by secretly placing a hidden meaning, usually a moral, in his novels. Melville believed that â€Å"crucial to the structure and meaning was symbol. Melville, a thorough and serious Bible reader, dwells on biblical symbolism† (â€Å"Billy†). In Billy Budd, one of Melville’s most popular novels, the main character, Billy, was sent to be executed, but just before he dies, he utters his last words, â€Å"God bless Captain Vere!† (Melville).This is meant to symbolize Christ’s cry of forgiveness in the book of Luke – â€Å"Father forgive them for they know not what they do. † Religion played a major role in Melville’s life, and he dedicated several excerpts from his novels to reveal biblical themes or stories. All in all, Melville’s writing was not meant to just entertain the reader, but also to challenge the reader’s own views by â€Å"unfolding† his own philosophies through the use of symbolism and rhetorical devi ces.Lastly, the life of Melville shows up in his own writing through the descriptions and analyses of the major characters in his novels. He was thought to bring out his own ideas in the major characters from his stories and also to be â€Å"absorbing character traits from some of those visitors which later took life in his fiction† (L’Etoile). The major characters that Melville brought to life caused critics to speculate the he â€Å"adopted the â€Å"poignant, special† power in the narrator’s voice from another source† (L’Etoile).Melville was in many ways similar to the major characters he brought to life in his novels, primarily because he aspired to be like them, and thus shared comparable qualities. People have gone â€Å"a long way toward explaining the â€Å"special† character of the narrative voice as well as the compelling quality of the story that, to so many, has seemed so elusive† (L’Etoile). Melville’ s â€Å"artificial sentence construction parallels the narrator’s style of indirect communication† (Kemp).Through his unique sentence structure and characterization of important individuals in his stories, Melville alludes to the type of person he is and also the being he wants to become using indirect communication within his characters’ actions and words. Basing the majority of his masterpieces on sea life, Melville could easily express his inner self and philosophies through the creations of the characters in his novels. Throughout his life, Melville created many masterpieces and brought to life many characters. His own life is noticeably brought out in his works through his repeated ocean oriented novels.His novels like Moby Dick and Billy Budd challenged the ways people thought back then and today by relaying hidden morals to the audience. His analyses and descriptions of major individuals in his stories are indications of how Melville thought and who he wa s/wanted to be as a person. His desire to share his beliefs with the world led him to expand his writing career and create some of the most well known pieces today using exceptional symbolism, allusions, and plots. Melville changed American literature with his famous books and continues to be studied by students around the world today.

Free Essays on Nervous Conditions

Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novel, Nervous Conditions, was perhaps the most captivating, poignant novel that I have ever read. Her brilliant style of writing was perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of the novel; not to detract from the content of the novel. Dangaremba writes as if she is telling a story to an old friend, constantly reiterating important points of her story as if to say: Is this making sense? Not only does she use reiteration throughout the novel, she inserts opinions and realizations from the adult narrator that were not evident to the character during the moment in time. There are several instances where we see this. In the opening lines of the novel, the narrator, Tambudzai, says to the reader: â€Å"I was not sorry when my brother died. Nor am I apologizing for my callousness, as you may define it, my lack of feeling.† Then later in this chapter she is relating the story of selling her maize in the city and she tells us that â€Å"I would have been frightened of being alone if I had thought about it.† The way she switches from the view point of a young girl to one of an enlightened adult kept me engrossed in the novel, wondering what insights the narrator had on specific instances. Not only does Dangarembga keep you spellbound through her use of style, she also allows you to produce a mental image of everything going on in the story. She uses lively, highly descriptive language that puts you in the place of the characters. A remarkable example of this is when Tambudzai arrives at Babamukuru’s house and is greeted by his dogs. Tambudzai is petrified and she says to the reader: â€Å"I was in a bad state or else I would have noticed the cahins that bound them to their kennel and the fence that enclosed them in their pen. To me they were loose, ferocious guardians of the gates to this kingdom,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . I had a mental image of these horrific animals guarding a palace, just as Tambudzai saw the situation. There ar... Free Essays on Nervous Conditions Free Essays on Nervous Conditions Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novel, Nervous Conditions, was perhaps the most captivating, poignant novel that I have ever read. Her brilliant style of writing was perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of the novel; not to detract from the content of the novel. Dangaremba writes as if she is telling a story to an old friend, constantly reiterating important points of her story as if to say: Is this making sense? Not only does she use reiteration throughout the novel, she inserts opinions and realizations from the adult narrator that were not evident to the character during the moment in time. There are several instances where we see this. In the opening lines of the novel, the narrator, Tambudzai, says to the reader: â€Å"I was not sorry when my brother died. Nor am I apologizing for my callousness, as you may define it, my lack of feeling.† Then later in this chapter she is relating the story of selling her maize in the city and she tells us that â€Å"I would have been frightened of being alone if I had thought about it.† The way she switches from the view point of a young girl to one of an enlightened adult kept me engrossed in the novel, wondering what insights the narrator had on specific instances. Not only does Dangarembga keep you spellbound through her use of style, she also allows you to produce a mental image of everything going on in the story. She uses lively, highly descriptive language that puts you in the place of the characters. A remarkable example of this is when Tambudzai arrives at Babamukuru’s house and is greeted by his dogs. Tambudzai is petrified and she says to the reader: â€Å"I was in a bad state or else I would have noticed the cahins that bound them to their kennel and the fence that enclosed them in their pen. To me they were loose, ferocious guardians of the gates to this kingdom,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . I had a mental image of these horrific animals guarding a palace, just as Tambudzai saw the situation. There ar...

Questions for Comparative Religions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questions for Comparative Religions - Assignment Example The most significant of all the similarities is that they both trace their roots from Abraham. Moreover, they both believe in prophets and apostles as God’s massagers. Additionally, they both believe in scriptures as the main reference to what God/Allah needs of humanity. They also believe in the resurrection, as it will be the sure way of living the eternal life (Malik, 2004). Despite both believing in God, Muslims do not believe in heresy that God is in three as God the father, the Son, and Holly Spirit. Moreover, the Muslims Qu’ran, Islamic holy book, strongly rejects Jesus as God. However, they profoundly honor Him as Allah’s prophet. In addition, the Muslims and Christians disagree on death and resurrection of Jesus (Malik, 2004). Muslims do not believe that Jesus being a prophet of Allah could face such a horrific death, as the one Christians believe He did. Finally, these two religions disagree on how believers can escape God/Allah’s judgment. Muslims believe in falah, that is, positive achievement or self-support. On the other hand, ding to the Bible no one is compelling enough for God’s favors; thus, everyone shall be judged according to their deeds (Malik, 2004). It is recorded that Christianity became the most successful religion during this period. This followed numerous deaths that took place during this time (Malik, 2004). Smallpox and measles killed many people in North America, and Christianity took this opportunity to spread their beliefs and faith to the people. It is this time that Spanish catholic priests moves from Europe to North American and managed to convert many people to Catholicism. Betwixt the year 550 and 750, the Mediterranean world, Western Europe, and the Middle East transformed into three main realms including the orthodox Christianity Byzantine Empire, Latin Christendom, and the Islamic caliphate (Malik, 2004). The two former were united through Catholicism. Entirely, all these communities were politically

Financial analysis of BMW and Kraft Foods Essay

Financial analysis of BMW and Kraft Foods - Essay Example The researcher states that the profitability ratios of both the companies depict that Kraft Foods has higher profitability in terms of high operating margin, net profit margin and return on equity. Besides, both the firms had maintained their current ratio above 1. With respect to interest coverage ratio, BMW had higher rank than Kraft Foods which indicates that it has strong financial strength in the industry. The current economic crisis of 2008 had impacted on the financial performance of BMW Group. Due to bad financial condition, the spending of customers had reduced considerably which impacted on the expenditure on vehicles. As a result, the automobile industry had faced drop in sales volume. BMW Group was also unable to evade the impact of financial crisis and therefore the group income had reduced by 5% in the year 2008 to 53,197 million Euros. As the international economy was recovering from the clutches of economic crisis by the end of the year 2010, BMW Group was able to rec over its financial position in the automobile market. The global automobile industry has also become stabilised to certain degree. In 2010, BMW Group had experienced severe increase in sales revenue by 19.3% than 2009 to 60,477 million Euros. Kraft Foods is a financially stable company with revenues of 40.4 billion USD in the year 2009. In the year 2009, the total value of net assets of the company was 25.9 billion USD. Despite bad economic conditions, the revenue of Kraft Foods was slightly affected. In 2007, the net revenue was 35,858 million USD which had increased to 41,932 million USD in 2008 (Kraft Foods Inc, 2010). Ratio Analysis Valuation Ratio Price-Earnings (P/E) Ratio Price-Earnings or P/E Ratio is the ratio of organisation’s share price with earning per share. From the analysis of BMW, it can be observed that the earnings per share of BMW Group had decreased considerably in the time of 2008 to 2009 to 0.49 Euro and 0.31 Euro and increased in 2010 to 4.91 Euro. His torically, the P/E ratio of BMW Group was strong and was always more than the industry average which is around 15-25. In the year 2007, the P/E ratio was below average i.e. 8.5 which had increased to 11.98 in 2010 (BMW Group, 2008; 2010). The price earnings ratio of Kraft Foods was

Health profile assignment - Tonbridge Area Essay

Health profile assignment - Tonbridge Area - Essay Example Health promotions currently available throughout the United Kingdom and the world that address the health need will be identifies and discussed. Linking back to the health need, this health profile will make recommendations on the potential health promotion strategies that could possibly be implemented, which will discuss how this will be evaluated? The conclusion will briefly summarise the main point of the health profile and reflect on the process of health profiling. District: Tonbridge and Malling Locale, County: Kent, Region: South East England, Nation: England, Country United Kingdom. Tonbridge is a historic market town in Kent County located on the River Medway. It is four miles north of Tunbridge Wells, twelve miles from southwest of Maidstone and twenty miles from London. In 2003, eighty one were reported killed or severely injured in road accidents. The Indices of Deprivation 2004 (ID2004), which are measures of deprivation for every Super Output Area (lower layer) and local authority area in England, indicates that Tonbridge and Malling ranked at 304 out of 354 local authorities in England, where one was the most deprived area and 354 the least deprived. This rank was derived from the average deprivation score of the Lower Layer Super Out Areas in the local authority. Between 1982 and 2002, the population of Tonbridge and Malling grew by 10%, compared with an increase of 11% for the South East region as a whole. The population density of Tonbridge and Malling in 2002 averaged 453 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 421 for the region and 380 people per square kilometre for England overall. The demographics of the population in Tonbridge reveal that the male population is, proportionally, larger than the female population in the under 65 age group. Normally, the numbers of males and females in this age group to be very similar;

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Term paper - Essay Example ein and Victor, for Victor knowledge was the surge beyond the acceptance of human limits and the access to the secret of life while for Frankenstein knowledge was viewed in a manner that would make humans accept him as he was. The monster due to his grotesque appearance is rejected by society and therefore becomes an integral part of the action. Why grotesque? Victor creates this monster from his unnatural manner of his creation which entails the mystifying animation which is a combination of embezzled parts of a body with bizarre chemicals. Therefore one can state that the monster is a combination of scientific work which enfolds the dark and the supernatural. Does not this description fit Victor too? Victor the creator also exhibits monster qualities. His aspiration, mystery and egocentricity kind of estrange him from society and his family. His creation of the monster also creates a monster within himself for eventually Victor is consumed by hatred for his creation. Abortion an ever prevalent occurrence wherein the innocent is mercilessly killed is still found in today’s world. This abortion can also be witnessed in Victor as well as the monster who express the monster’s gruesomeness. Victor looks at his creation he states â€Å"When I thought of him, I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly made†. The monster who hates himself cries out â€Å"I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on.† This idea of abortion can also be traced to Victor’s destruction of the female monster wherein Victor aborts the act of creating the female counterpart of the monster. An explanation can be found in Victor’s description of philosophy â€Å"I at once gave up my former occupations; set down natural history and all its progeny as a deformed and abortive creation; and entertained the greates t disdain for a would-be science, which could never even

Literature Review 2.0 Spending Behavior

Literature Review 2.0 Spending Behavior Nowadays, the marketers are facing great competition among themselves to market the products and services to the consumers. The study of consumer spending behavior enables the marketers to understand how consumer thinks, feels and react to the subtle environment when purchase a product(Wassana Suwanvijit, 2009). Hence, the marketer can predict the consumer spending behaviors and develop a proper marketing plan to address the products to the consumers. According to businessdictionary.com, consumer spending could be defined as goods and services bought by households in the satisfaction of their needs and wants. In addition, Spending is defined as the act of expending and behavior is defined as response of an individual to an action, environment, person, or stimulus. While Kotler (2000) stated that consumer behavior studies how individuals, groups and organizations select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and desires. In our research context, spending behavior is defined as the act of disbursing money in response to an action, environment, or person in the satisfaction of needs and wants. 2.1 Factors Wilson, et.al, 2005 stated that consumer spending behavior is strongly influenced by four factors: Cultural factor (culture, sub-culture, social class), Social factor (groups, family, roles and status), Personal factor (Age and life cycle stage, life-styles, occupation, economic situation, personality and self concept) and Psychological factor (motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitude). Understand these four factors could help to address customers needs and wants and finally increase sales. In addition, there is another factor so-called economic factor which would affect consumers spending as well. 2.1.1 Personal Factor Wassana Suwanvijit, (2009) conducted a study to examine factors affecting consumer life-styles and purchasing behaviors. He found that consumer life-styles are derived from and personalized through social and cultural learning and consumer demographics will influence consumers behavior. In this study, Wassana Suwanvijit,(2009), administered a questionnaires to 300 consumers at Songkla province. The result indicated that demographic and socio-economic factors affecting the consumer life-styles and purchasing behaviors. In Songkla, average spending rate was approximately 550 baht per time and the factor affecting the spending per time was consumer income. The author also found that consumer promotion will affect consumers spending behavior and sales. Chetsada Noknoi, Sutee Ngowsiri, and Wannaporn Boripunt, (2009) also conducted a study to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and the consumer behavior. The study found that consumer behavior is dependent on the demographic characteristics such as income, age, marital status, occupations, etc. Besides, based on the research paper done by Juma K. Salim, the researcher proved that various life cycle stages and socio-demographic factors such as region of residence, race of the reference person, and sex of the reference person were found to be substantial factors of the pattern of expenditures within each occupational group. The researchers results are consistent with the results found by Abdel-Ghany and Sharpe (1997), Cage (1989), and Jacobs, Shipp, and Brown (1989). The researcher also proved that the occupation influence expenditure between teachers and non-teachers. Teachers spend a lot in only two categories of expenditure, education and miscellaneous, compared to professionals and administrators or managers.Besides occupation, level of education also influences spending behavior. Income, education, and occupation are some of the factors that influence ones position in society. Vanessa G. Perry and Marlene D. Morris (2005) examined the relationship between consumer financial knowledge, income and locus of control on financial behavior. In this research, it suggested that consumers propensity to budget, save and spending depends partly on their level of perceived control over outcomes as well as knowledge and financial resources. Apart from that, race and ethnicity can also affect the consumer financial behavior. According to Rotter (1966), locus of control was being defined as a general, relatively stable propensity to see the world in a particular way, capturing general beliefs about the causes of rewards and punishments. The research showed that individual self-concept influenced both financial and non-financial preference and behaviors. Consumer spending behavior is also affected by a persons personality and attitude. Cordell et. all (1996) and Cadha (2007) explained that the consumers are drawn to purchase counterfeits of luxury brands due to the desire of owning the prestige and status symbol that the trademarks brand shows. T. Min, P. Ian and Curtain had viewed the attitudes towards counterfeiting of luxury brands can be influenced by a person personality variable (e.g. value consciousness, integrity, personal satisfaction, trend tracking and the status consideration). They reviewed the theories established and examined their understanding that the desirability of purchasing the counterfeit products was affected by the good value of the brand name (which labeled on the counterfeit product and add value to the product). Below are the explanations of the personality variables which could reveal a person spending behavior. i. Value consciousness Human have the curiosity to seek variety and difference of a certain products/services and they try to spend on the news fashion products in order to satisfy their curiosity. For those who can afford the branded products, they will obviously spend a lot of money in order to obtain the value of that product. Nevertheless, people will try to attain the value of the luxury brand things by choosing the counterfeit product with lower prices. ii. Integrity If the consumers view the integrity as an important value, there will be less people to purchase the counterfeiting of luxury brands and this indirectly change their spending behavior to buy non-branded things with possess a cheaper prices-low consumption. iii) Personal Satisfaction Accomplishment, social recognition and desire to enjoy the valuable things are the personal satisfaction variables in their spending behavior where consumer will be more conscious of the appearance and visibility by purchasing the fashion products. By spending on the new arrival of products which is more expensive, they diluted their income and incurred more expenditure in their own saving-spending portfolio. iv) Status consideration Status consideration is refers to consumer who are both seeking self-satisfaction and recognition as well as for showing to surrounding people. Because of this status recognition, people tend to spend more to purchase the luxury brand which indirectly changed their buying behavior. 2.1.2 Cultural Factor M. Pierre, (1958) claimed that individual spending pattern shows a person class position despite from the persons income. He classified that a person spending structure was affected by the influences from family, their colleague, voluntary association, age and gender. These influences variables on affecting a person spending behavior integrated together in order to classify the persons class position in his/her social unity. Pierre also mentioned that the ranked status system involved all the members of a society in term of hierarchy (from super-ordinate to sub-ordinate). Whereby, whether a person will or will not attempt to buy a thing are strongly related to his/her class membership, and depend on whether the person is mobile or stable. He specified that the consumption patterns included a several factors such as class replacement, choice of store, communications skills, save versus spend, and psychological differences. In his studies, he realized that there are six-class system which is Upper-Upper Class (old families), Lower-Upper Class (newly arrived), Upper-Middle Class (professionals successful business men), Lower-Middle Class (white collar salaries), Upper-Lower Class (wage earner skill labor groups), and Lower-Lower Class (Unskilled labor groups). i) Class Placement M. Pierre explained that the class placement can be determined in three categories which included the occupation, source of income and housing type (e.g. luxury apartment, banglo). In his research in metropolitan area (Chicago), he discovered that the Upper-Lower class people possess expensive house and the home was equipped by the solid heavy appliance. While, the Lower-Lower class people have less property minded (lack of intention to buy or maintain a home) and they intended to spend their income on their clothes or automobile. ii) Choice of store M. Pierres studies revealed the relation between choice of store, pattern of spending and class membership. He described the people are very realistic in the way of spending in order to match their values and expectations refer on which type of store they choose (e.g. high status branded shop-Nike, Addidas). He verified that the social status of the department store becomes the primarily basis to identify the consumer class position. He mentioned that people are not going to take action by entering to a store where he/she might not affordable. iii) Communications Skills The kind of super-sophisticated and clever advertising is almost meaningless to Lower status people. M. Pierre stated that the lower class people may not comprehend the subtle humor in the advertisement(s) and they are difficult in extracting the art of the advertisement(s) information. They also have a different approach in determining the information given. In other word, they lack of intelligence and have different understanding in their communication skill. These indirectly defined the spending behavior between class positions of a person. (iv) Saves versus Spends M. Pierre clarified that the Middle-Class people usually have the financial knowledge place in their thinking for the forms of saving whereby they tend to choose the investment saving. While Lower-Status people intended to save in an almost low-risk funds (non-investment saving) which can quickly converted to spend-able cash. This clearly showed that the lower status people have more spending habit. Pierre mentioned that the Lower-status people will spend on artifact-centered products (cheaper items) and the Middle-Class people will spend on experience-centered products (planned spending).But, Pierre stated that the spending behavior of a person still governed by class membership in his/her society. (v) Psychological differences M. Pierre explained that the spending-saving analysis has a very obvious effect in psychological implications to differentiate the classes. Middle Class Lower Status Pointed the future Pointed present and pass More urban identification More rural identification Stress on rationality Non rational essential Greater sense of choice maker Limited sense of choice maker See themselves tied to national happening Concern their own and family members 2.1.3 Psychological Factor D. Ap S.K.Pamela, (2005) argued that consumer behavior is often strongly influenced by the subtle environment and traditional perspective on consumer choices. They explained that people always occasionally purchase the things on the spot where they choose the products at the moment of awareness and occupied with things rather than thinking on selecting an affordable groceries to purchase. This resulted in troubling the consumers spending habit. Bargh(2002) described the consumer behavior are cast items of the cognitive psychology. While, Chaiken(1980) and Petty, Cacioppo and Schuman(1983) explained that, before people buy(or choose or decide), they are less initiative to collect the products information. Attitudes can be based on cognitive beliefs such as when a person finds a product which is very useful or more benefit effect, or the product show and possess symbolic meanings (Venkatraman Mac-Innes, 1985). Karen M. Stilley, J. Jeffrey Inman and Kirk L.Wakefield (2010) conducted two studies to investigate the effects of promotional saving on both planned and unplanned spending, and how does it varies according to income level. In order to test the hypotheses, Karen M. Stilley et al. interviewed 400 customers who entered two grocery stores located in a southwestern U.S. city. Every tenth shopper or one every five minutes was selected, whichever came first. In addition, respondents were first asked what items they planned to purchase and how much were they planned to spend in total. Then, In-store slack (ISS) was calculated by subtracting the itemized portion from the total respondents planned to spend. Besides, respondents were required to indicate their household income before they exit the grocery shops. For the purpose of increase the response to such sensitive question, respondents were given seven choices of range rather than gave a specific figure of household income. The results o f the research showed that the promotional on unplanned grocery items would attract customers to spend more and this is increased with the higher income level. Apart from that, Ajay Kalra and Mengze Shi (2010) also examined sweepstakes reward structures that maximize consumers valuation. They claimed that consumers value maximizing sweepstakes should effectively motivate consumers participation and thus increase sales. From the other perspective, sweepstakes and contests would increase consumers spending on a certain products. Ajay Kalra et al. defined sweepstakes and contests as the promotional tools used by organizations to attract more customers, which in turn gaining additional sales. By having sweepstakes, consumers are tend to spend more in order to increase the probability of winning grand prize. In addition, the introduction and increased usage of electronic transfer systems has led to the likelihoods of a cashless society (Humphrey et al., 1996; Humphrey and Berger, 1990; Olney, 1999). In the research paper done by Mohamad bin Ali (2004), the variables been developed are hedonic motivation, credit cards used, unplanned purchase, peer influence, TV viewing and shopping frequency. The results exhibited the positive correlation of hedonic motivation, credit card use and unplanned purchases with compulsive buying tendency. Many people spending to release stress and treat it as retail therapy. Shoham and Brencic (2003) stated that people go to shopping as retail therapy are expect that shopping could reduce their stress. Credit card is encourages compulsive buying because credit card eliminate immediate need for money to buy thing. Furthermore, Fusaro (2006) argues that debit card users make more frequent and smaller withdrawals to control their spending behaviour. A cashless transaction takes off the pain of transferring cash and may encourage consumers to spend more. From a hedonic perspective, a cashless transaction does not recap the thought of the amount of money spent at the time of purchase as compared to cash payment which recaps thoughts about costs or benefits of purchase at the time of purchase (Prelec and Loewenstein 1998, p.25). D. Ap S.K.Pamela, (2005) made a several statement on the factors of unconscious spending behavior of the consumers: i. The choices of buying the product are influenced by automatically response or one persons attitudes ii) Attitudes were not really guide the behavior of the persons spending and people tend to buy things on impulse and the impulse choices are strongly affected by the subtle environment. From the above statements, they reviewed and discussed about their studies on consumer behavior. They pointed out two important results on their understanding which: Perception-behavior link is a mere perception of a social environment which leads people to face in direct effect behavior. This mean that the behavior of a person is often imitative (follow others action) and thus this behavior is contagious (spread and affect others-ripple effect) Automatic goal pursuit related to the goal-directed-behavior where the consumer purchasing behavior is often unconsciously guided by the environment. 2.1.4 Social Factor A persons spending may be affected by his social group of people, which normally being called virtual communities. It is defined as self-selecting groups of individuals engaged in sustained computer-mediated interactions around common interests or goals, governed by shared norms and values, and serving individual and shared needs (Bagozzi and Dholakia 2002; Dholakia, Bagozzi and Pearo 2004). Such characteristics of virtual groups as open, non-discriminatory participation, possibility of anonymity, and low visibility of product usage suggest that virtual communities potentially employ mechanisms of influencing shopping decisions that are different from those of other reference groups. Some virtual communities apply informational influence on shopping decisions by aiding the transfer of information among reference group members regarding product opinions (Deutsch and Gerard 1955). In virtual communities information can be spread through what other members post about their product and brand use, or shown through picture sharing and in occasional face-to-face meetings. 2.1.5 Economic Factor Rex Y. Du and Wagner A. Kamakura (2008) examined how consumers allocate their discretionary income to meet different consumption needs and how the resultant consumption pattern will change in response to changes in prices and budgets. For instance, how does escalating gas price affect consumers spending on food and apparel. Rex Y. Du et al. had used the CEX family extracts made available by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) for the 1982-2003 period. The CEX was collected from different samples each year and 66,368 households were being examined in this research. Besides, Rex Y. Du et al. had conducted three policy simulations to test consumers reaction to environmental shock. Those three policy simulations were reactions to shift in energy costs, reaction to a tax rebate and welfare losses due to spiraling costs of prescription drugs. The result for the first simulation showed that consumers reduce their spending when the energy costs increase, especially the poorer qui ntile. For the second simulation, the result showed that tax rebate would increase consumers spending even though for those nonessential items, such as airline fare and charity. For the last simulation, the result showed that consumers could have reduced their prescription drug expenditure by an average of 37% while maintaining the same level of treatment. Indeed, economic condition would affect consumers spending behavior. Conclusion Indeed, consumer spending behavior is strongly influenced by the factors such as personal, cultural, psychological, social and economic condition. Demographic characteristics such as income, age, marital status, occupations, etc. would have direct relationship to consumer behavior (Chetsada Noknoi et al. 2009). In the research done by Wassana Suwanvijit (2009), 300 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in Songkhla. For a city with a population more than seventy thousands of people, it would be better if the number of respondents could be at least 500 in order to draw a more convincing conclusion about the results. Next, the influences from family, colleague, friends, etc. would affect a person spending behavior. Besides, it has to depend on several factors such as class replacement, choice of store, communications skills, save versus spend and psychological differences as well (M.Pierre, 1958). In addition, the promotional savings, sweepstake contests, ease of payments, etc would motivate consumers to spend more, which directly affect their spending behavior. In the research done by Karen M. Stilley, J. Jeffrey Inman and Kirk L. Wakefield (2010), they collected respondents household income through provided choices of range to the respondents instead of asking a specific figure from them. This action was more effective in getting information from the respondents due to confidential problem. Apart from that, virtual communities may affect a person spending behavior through the information given among reference group members (Deutsch and Gerard, 1995). Lastly, the economic factors such as changing in gas price, tax rebate, etc. would affect consumers to change their spending as well.

The Role of Polyglutamine Expansions in Huntington’s Disease Essay

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative dominant disorder caused by the expansions of polyglutamine in the gene encoding for Huntington’s protein. It is a developmental autosomal brain disorder that affects muscle coordination, emotional and personality problems. As well as subcortical dementia, further leading to cognitive decline this is all related with selective neuronal cell death mainly associated in the striatum and cortex (Scherzinger et al., 1997). HD causes emotional problems, uncontrolled movements and the loss of thinking ability. It can lead to disability and death from the illness. There are two forms of this disease: adult-onset and early-onset (juvenile). Adult onset is by the far most common for HD; symptoms develop between the ages of mid 30s/40s, an individual will live an average of 20 years after symptoms and signs begin. Premature signs and symptoms are depression, involuntary movements, trouble learning new information, poor coordination; this can all progress very severely. The development of pre-disease symptoms into twitching or jerking is referred as Chorea. HD can be referred to Huntington Chorea. Although adult onset is more common disorder, juvenile form, defined by the onset of signs and symptoms before the age of 21 years, this occurs in about 7% of HD cases. (Nance, 2001) Juvenile onset has similar symptoms however the disease progresses more quickly compared to the adult onset form. Gente (1985) results showed findings by others, that the most juvenile-onset patients inherit the gene from their fathers and that the late-onset form is more frequently inherited from affected mothers. HD occurs due to CAG/polyglutamine(polyQ) expansions, in the first exon of a gene encoding a la... ..., C. and Bates, G, P. (2004). Huntingtin and the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease. EMBO reports 5. 958-963 Nance, M, A. and Myers, R, H. (2001) Panov, A, V., Gutekunst, C., Leavitt, B, R., Hayden, M, R., Burke, J, R., Strittmatter, W, J. And Greenamyre, J, T. (2002) Early mitochondrial calcium defects in Huntington’s Disease are a direct effect of Polyglutamines. Nature neuroscience. Volume 5 no 8 Ross, C, A. (2002). Polyglutamine Pathogenesis: Emergence of Unifying Mechanism for Huntington’s Disease and Related Disorders. Neuron, Vol. 35,819-822. Scherzinger, E., Lurz, R., Turmaine, M., Mangiarini, L., Hollenbach, Birgit., Hasenbank, R., Bates, G, P., Davies, S, W., Lehrach, H and Wanker, E, E. (1997). Huntington-Encoded Polyglutamine Expansions Form Amyloid-like Protein Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell, Vol.90, 549-558. Zhang,

Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting climax Essay

â€Å"Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting climax for both acts of ‘A View from the Bridge'†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœA View from the Bridge’ by Arthur Miller, is a play about obsession and betrayal. The main character, Eddie Carbone, becomes overprotective over his niece, Catherine, to the degree of infatuation. This obsession helps to cause the break down of Eddie’s marriage, as his wife, Beatrice realises the alarming nature of Eddie’s fixation. Eddie’s feelings for Catherine existed before Beatrice’s cousins, Marco and Rodolfo came, but their arrival intensifies the situation, as Eddie becomes more and more jealous of Rodolfo, and of Catherine’s love for him. This play is a tragedy and, like most tragedies, it is serious and ends with the death of the main character, Eddie. Eddie dies after betraying his wife’s cousins to the immigration bureau. As a result, Marco, who is filled with hatred and in need of justice, stabs him. Arthur Miller was a New Yorker who worked on the Brooklyn docks, for a time. His experience of the docks and of the people around them, led him to write this play, which is set there. During this coursework, my aim is to study the ends of the two acts in depth to see what techniques Miller uses to make them dramatically effective. 1. During the last scene of act one (from page 39 when Catherine puts ‘paper doll’ on the phonograph) we find out about the relationships of characters in more depth. The scene  2. Our understanding of this plays characters changes considerably in this final part of act 1. Marco who seemed, prior to this scene, to be quiet and shy shows what he actually feels by demonstrating his feelings about Eddie  3. There are many surprises in this scene, we as an audience do not expect Marco who has previously been shy and quiet to make such a blatant challenge as he does in this scene 4. This last scene in act one is used very effectively by Arthur miller to sow the seeds of events which are going to happen in the 2nd act of the play  5. The action in this scene Marcos action of holding up a chair triumphantly in front of Eddie is an interesting and significant action because the chair seems to be a symbolic weapon. Marco is threatening Eddie with it but, in contrast, he actually uses a weapon to kill Eddie in the final scene of the play.  6. although there seems to only be one conflict between characters in this (the one between Marco and Eddie; with the chair) there are actually many 7. This final scene leaves many questions unanswered. The conflicts between the characters in this scene could lead the audience to speculate as to how things will develop in the next act but although this scene gives the audience, some idea of how things turn out it does not tell them everything. They may ask themselves what is going to happen to Catherine and Rodolfo’s relationship since it seems plain that Eddie dislikes Rodolfo and disapproves of his relationship with his niece.  8. Particularly interesting characters within this scene are Marco, who has changed so much and is so different in this final scene of act one to the previous part of the play. 9. The Characters in this scene are very interesting to observe on their own but it is also interesting to see how Arthur Miller has contrasted the actions of his characters in this scene. One such contrast is that between Marco and Eddie. Eddie uses Aggressive action, such as boxing to make his point whereas Marco’s subtle challenge with the chair is non aggressive but yet still makes the intended point. These contrasts between the two men’s actions are very interesting and are very effective in demonstrating the diffe 10. Emotions of the audience towards characters are mixed. They may feel happy for Catherine and Rodolfo in that they’ve found each other and seem so happy. Some may speculate, however about that this relationship’s days are numbered due to Eddie’s obviously hostile feelings towards rodolfo. 1. The situations that develop in this play would be difficult for anyone to deal with. Eddie finds the situation that he is in especially difficult and consequently he is seriously affected by it. In this play Eddie goes from being a popular man, respected in the community to being a man willing to betray his own family and, in the final scene one prepared to kill. Eddie started by just being over protective of Catherine, which developed into jealousy of Rodolfo because Catherine loved him and this, in turn developed into passionate hatred of both Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie hardly understands what he himself is feeling at the end of the play. These emotional changes are central to Arthur miller’s play since they help to cause the chain of events leading up to the final tragic end and are very important in creating interest and drama in the play.